Math Lessons / Grade 1 / Number & Operations / Addition Within 20
Number & Operations · Addition within 20

Addition Within 20

Build a ten with your own counters: choose how many spaces are missing, move the counters, count what is left, and complete the equation.

Hands-on addition

Make a ten

Interactive board

The idea

Fill the ten, then count the rest

In a problem such as 8 + 5, the first frame has two empty spaces. Two of the blue counters finish that frame, so the first part becomes 10. The other three blue counters stay outside. The picture turns 8 + 5 into 10 + 3 without asking a child to memorize a trick.

This activity keeps each decision visible: find the empty spaces, move the counters, count the leftovers, and place the leftover number in the equation. That sequence is the meaning of making a ten.

Every randomized problem starts with 6, 7, 8, or 9 red counters, so the first ten-frame is close to full. The second addend never contains more than ten blue counters, and the complete sum never exceeds 20. That keeps both groups inside two tidy rows while preserving the important teen-number examples.

For grown-ups

Ask, then let the child act

Pause after every prompt. Ask “How many more make 10?” before offering a choice. When the child selects the number, have them tap a blue counter and then an empty box; dragging works too. After the frame fills, ask “How many are left?” before showing the final equation.

Say the completed reasoning aloud: “8 plus 2 makes 10, and 3 are left, so 10 plus 3 is 13.” The goal is not speed. It is seeing why the teen number is a full ten and some ones.

Wrong choices play the wrong-answer sound and leave the current step open. Correct choices play the success sound before the next spoken instruction. The Next problem button appears only after the child has moved the counters, counted the leftovers, and completed the equation.

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